The need for International Financial Regulation - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2730 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? On September 14th, 2007, the collapse of Lehman Brothers, one of the five most important global financial services firms in Wall Street, marked the beginning of a global financial crisis which lasted for more than two years. This crisis had effects on every kinds of financial markets and all over the world. Some lessons have to be remembered from this crisis, and the events and causes of the crisis must be used as landmarks to improve the regulatory organization of the financial markets. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The need for International Financial Regulation" essay for you Create order The main problem is to determine, whether or not, the financial markets were efficiently and sufficiently regulated by the financial authorities, and if these authorities ought to have intervened more than they did to protect the stability of the financial sector. The issue revolves around the extent of the power of intervention granted to the regulatory authorities in charge of ensuring the stability of the financial sector, and the way they are expected to use this power. Three years after the beginning of the crisis, it should be easier to analyse a posteriori which were the gaps in the financial regulatory system, and the failures of the authorities. However, the exact causes of the crisis remain still blurred today. Furthermore, as this question deals with the dilemma between the interventionist theory and the laissez-faire theory, there may still be divergences about the way the situation should have been dealt with by the authorities, and about how the financial system s hould have been regulated. These two doctrines have been opposed for centuries now, and both have demonstrated their advantages and drawbacks. The proponents of the former theory state that the role of the government is to mitigate the undesirable consequences of market activity through regulation whereas the partisans of the latter consider that without any governmental intervention, the markets would succeed to automatically correct their failures. In spite of these doctrinal oppositions, it must be recognized by both sides that the financial system did not succeed to avoid the crisis without the intervention of the financial regulatory authorities and that those authorities did not fulfil their obligations to keep the financial markets stable and made several mistakes in their way to protect the markets. This acknowledgement implies that these authorities had a role to play in order to avoid the crisis and that the financial markets may need the intervention of authorities to limit the risk of crisis. As the G20 noticed in its Declaration on Strengthening the Financial System of April 2nd, 2009 the global financial crisis thus renders visible and urgent a perennial tension in financial regulation with respect to the extent to which governments should intervene to fix the financial markets. The financial crisis is therefore an indicator of the need of interventionism from the regulatory authorities to protect the stability of the market. This new regulatory organization must be based on the support of the central banks. I A global financial crisis caused by the mistakes and the gaps of the regulatory authorities in the accomplishment of their duty The financial crisis had its roots long before the collapse of Lehman Brothers in the end of 2008. Indeed, the situation of the financial sector had begun to deteriorate already in 2007 with the problems on the sub-prime market, as illustrated by the financial difficulties of Northern Rock, the United Kingdoms fifth-largest mortgage lender, until its nationalisation by the British Treasury. But the financial crisis really began when Lehman Brothers was forced to file for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in September 2008. Lehman Brothers had to go into liquidation after the refusal of the American Federal Reserve to support the firm. This refusal had started the worst global financial crisis since the Great Depression in the 30s. This decision of the Federal Reserve not to help Lehman Brothers was surprising, because the American financial authorities had already had to intervene to help the purchase of Bear Stearns by JP Morgan, and to nationalize Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae. Besides, few days after the collapse of Lehman Brothers, the Federal Reserve accepted to support American International General (AIG). This behaviour of the Federal Reserve made the public believe that the intervention plan of the authorities had not been fully thought and created a feeling of uncertainty about what the Government would do to aid the financial institutions. The public did not understand why the Federal Reserve had refused to save Lehman Brothers, and the collapse of the firm, facilitated by the passivity of the American financial authorities, created a panic among the markets participants. The lack of clarify in the actions of the financial authorities caused a massive loss of confidence of the public and the investors. The confidence of the public is really important in the financial sector because the stability of the financial markets depends on the confidence of the markets participants. It is therefore the responsibility of the financial authorities to m aintain the confidence in the markets by ensuring their stability and integrity. The maintenance of confidence is at the heart of much financial regulation. The Federal Reserve by its refusal to help Lehman Brothers provoked a loss of confidence among the public and the investors which started the crisis. Even if the crisis has many other causes, this decision of the Federal Reserve not to intervene has been determinant in the worsening of the situation. After the collapse of Lehman Brothers, the loss of confidence led to a run at the banks and the withdrawal of funds by professional investors which provoked the transformation of the credit contraction and the sub-prime crisis into a global financial crisis. It appears from these facts that the main reason of the crisis is to the lack of general oversight of the financial sector as a whole by the regulatory authorities. They failed to assess the real dangerousness of the situation before the global crisis. This is one of the r eason why the Federal Reserve refused to help Lehman Brothers when it had the opportunity to do so. They thought that the financial markets would be able to recover from the collapse of Lehman Brothers. The failures of the American Financial Reserve in assessing the consequences of the collapse of Lehman Brothers highlights the idea that there is a need for a modification of the way the financial authorities supervise and assess what happen on the markets. But the strength of the global financial crisis is also the result of some other failures of the financial authorities. They, as well in the United States as in the other western countries, failed to control the situation on the financial sector, and the inability of the markets to stop the crisis without the intervention of the regulatory authorities is the proof of the failure of the self regulation theory. The crisis would not have been so important if the regulatory authorities had dealt correctly with the difficulties a nd intervene properly to prevent the loss of confidence. Instead of intervening since the beginning of the difficulties on the sub-prime market, they just let the situation deteriorates. It is clear that the national regulatory authorities failed to protect the financial systems against imprudence that created excessive systemic risk This failure implies another one which is the failure of the financial markets and entities to regulate themselves. For decades, it was acknowledged that these entities did not need the intervention of governments because they were able to self regulate. However, the crisis of 2008-2009 proved this theory to be wrong, because only the late intervention of the governments succeeded to solve the situation and put an end to the worsening of the crisis. The whole theory of the self regulation was broken by the crisis which evidenced the inability of the markets to stop the contagion of the crisis. It emphasizes that the financial sector needs a new re gulatory system with more intervention from the authorities. Actually, the situation began to calm down following the intervention of the governments. All the different countries which had faced the global crisis adopted bail-out plans to protect the financial institutions and prevent a new crisis. All the new rules adopted after the crisis must be seen as an acknowledgement of the need for formal regulatory intervention in the financial markets. The successive G20 summits which occurred in the course of the crisis called governments to take steps relating to the fiscal stimulus, so that, as during the 1930s after the Great Depression, the governments have a key role to play to stop the crisis and permit the recovery of the financial markets functioning. As an example of this policy of intervention, the U.S Government established the Troubled Asset Relief Program, referred as the TARP, a programme to purchase troubled assets from institutions with the aim of strengthening its fin ancial sector. The last global financial crisis emphasized all the gaps of the former regulatory system on the financial markets, and the failures of the financial authorities which took a long time before intervening to solve the situation and where not able to correctly assess the situation and the risk of collapse of the system. As a consequence, a new regulatory system based on more intervention from the governments and authorities has to be defined. II A new regulatory system with more intervention from the authorities and a leading role granted to the central banks The complex nature of the financial markets creates a need for a new regulatory system. The different financial markets are too sophisticated and connected between themselves to be able of self regulation. Besides the consequences of the crisis on the financial markets, which has harmful repercussions on the whole economy, oblige the government to intervene in order to prevent a crisis from happening. There is a risk of contagion of the difficulties from a market to another, and from the financial markets to the whole economy. The Federal Reserve in the United States, as many other financial regulators, forgot to take this reality into account. A regulatory system has to be implemented to deal with the systemic risk of the financial markets. The systemic risk may be defined as the risk that an event will trigger a loss of economic value or confidence in [ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦] a substantial portion of the financial system that is serious enough to quite probably have significant adverse effects on the real economy. The recent crises were a perfect illustration of the systemic nature of the risk on the financial markets, and the narrow interdependence between the markets and the economy. Consequently, the intervention of the governments and authorities is needed to protect the health of the economy from the problems which may arise on the financial markets. The governments cannot let the markets be self regulated because any malfunctioning on those markets could lead to the collapse of the economy. Therefore, the authorities have to intervene to regulate and supervise the financial markets, and settle the difficulties arising on them. This increased intervention from the authorities, in order to be efficient, must be accompanied by a reform of the way to assess the risk. A cause of the crisis was the inability of the authorities to assess the consequences of the problems on the sub-prime market. Indeed, the International Monetary Funds Glob al Financial Stability Report of April 2007 suggested that the amount of the credit loss in the sub-prime mortgages, and the decrease of the house prices in the United States, would be fairly limited. In the same manner, the Federal Reserve in September 2007 had assessed that the markets would have been able to absorb the collapse of Lehman Brothers, and at that time the U.S. Treasury Secretary, Hank Paulson, received the support of the Congress for the refusal of the Federal Reserve to save the firm. The reason of this harmful decision was that there was no general oversight of the financial markets. The regulators should extend their oversight to all major participants in the financial system. The authorities have to implement a macro-prudential policy which consists in exercising their control over the financial system as a whole. They have to extend their scope of actions over institutions which were not until that time regulated, as one of the reason of the crisis was the la ck of information concerning the situation of some institutions on the financial markets. All systemic institutions should be integrated within the macro-prudential regulatory perimeter. The amplest the supervision of the financial system by the regulators is, the more the risk of a contagion of the difficulties will be reduced. The central banks should play a key role in this new regulatory system. They must have a role of support of the financial institutions to prevent systemic risk. Central banks already played a critical role during the last crisis in maintaining the strength and viability of financial markets. They ensured the stability of the financial markets by injecting money in the system and supporting the institutions suffering difficulties. Central banks can be efficient in fulfilling their role of support through the mechanism of lender of last resort. This mechanism consists for central banks in securing other banks and financial institutions against bankrup tcy, to avoid a loss of confidence which could lead to a collapse of the markets. Under the lender of last resort procedure, central banks commit themselves to lend money to financial institutions in trouble. This commitment will have the effect of calming down the concern of the investors and the public about the financial situation of the institutions. If the public and the investors know that the institutions on the financial markets would be supported in case of difficulties, they will not run at the banks as they did during the last crisis. This crisis began after the refusal of the Federal Reserve to save Lehman Brothers against bankruptcy, that is to say after its refusal to act as a lender of last resort. The lender of last resort is a mechanism which has proved its efficiency for a long time. It was introduced in the United States following the Panic of 1907 by two measures. The first measure was the Aldrich-Vreeland Act of 1908, it was followed five years later by the F ederal Reserve Act of 1913 which established a public central bank. Since their implementation, several studies have analysed the results of this mechanisms. And it has been admitted that the lender of last resort has had beneficial effects on the economy. As an example, an analysis made for the National Bureau of Economic Research in October 2008 stated that the lender of last resort mechanism created in the United States in 1908 and 1913, reduced the volatility and the instability of the American financial markets in comparison with the situation before the Panic of 1907. Finally, the last drawback of the former regulatory system was the lack of cooperation between the different central banks of each country. Before the global crisis, there was no homogeneous policy to face the problems and restore the stability of the financial markets. Each single country was not able to stop the crisis by itself and the lack of cooperation between regulatory authorities was only likely to wo rsen the situation. This was illustrated by the French President, Nicolas Sarkozy, who said that None of our countries acting alone could end this crisis. Therefore, the crisis evidenced the need for international cooperation to reduce efficiently the risk in the financial markets. As a consequence, since the beginning of the global crisis, there have been a multiplication of international summits to define a new framework for international cooperation. The meetings in Washington D.C. in November 2007 and London in April 2009 promoted a central bank cooperation. Nevertheless, most of these meetings were said to be unnecessary and many efforts still need to be made to create a real international cooperation between central banks. Finally, the new regulatory system must be moderate and financial authorities take into account that if there is too much support for the financial institutions, it could lead to a decrease of the efficiency and competitiveness of the markets. An exces s of support could damage the integrity of the financial sector, and have the opposite effect to the one expected. Conclusion There is a real need for more intervention of the authorities, mainly central banks, to maintain the stability of the markets, but a fair balance has to be found to avoid an excess of support reducing the competitiveness of those markets.

World War 2 The Good War - 1097 Words

World War 2 was known as the good war. The fight for democracy was a big deal to president Franklin and it was a very well fought war. America throughout the war learns to overcome things and start to become more accepting. The war helps unite both blacks and whites to a fight for the same goal. We get our revenge of the bombing at Pearl Harbor, we work with a very brutal dictator, and we tried to stay neutral for as long as we could. For example in doc 1 the president is advised to stay out of the war that it wasn’t worth it. The president ignores and goes on because he sees how the bombing of Pearl Harbor affects Americans. He explains how this is a fight for democracy and America will always have something to do with this. In doc 2 the president says he will be on your side as long as you have the same goal, to fight for democracy. This fight focuses on the fight for democracy while putting other things such as race aside. In Charles Lindbergh’s radio address of 1941, Charles talks about having analyzed what could happen if we were to join war and what it would take to be successful doc 1. Lindbergh was a famous speaker for the America First Committee so he was heard for not wanting to enter war. Lindbergh had concluded that under no circumstances would they be able to win this war for England. The United States tried to stay neutral for as long as they could because they knew what they were getting into wasn’t worth it. President Franklin though seemed to completelyShow MoreRelatedWorld War II and Its Effect on Canada Essay555 Words   |  3 PagesWorld War 2 was a war like no other. It was a great war that chnged the world and killed many people. This war changed the way the war looked at Canada, and the way Canada looked at itself. World War 1 grew Canada’s independence but world war 2 shaped Canada’s independence and gave Canada a new look. 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The Path To Success free essay sample

Growing up, people have different goals in their lives, and sometimes without knowing exactly what they are going to do, they simply want to be successful in the future. Success is a word that has different meanings for many people: some of them think success is the wealth, for some it is just making the world a better place. Success does not happen overnight as describes Malcolm Gladwell, the author of the book called, â€Å"Outliers: The Story of Success†. In most cases it takes a lot of practice. Sometimes the past of a person or the place where he/she was born affects the future of that person. Referring to some facts from one of Gladwell’s chapters called: â€Å"The Three Lessons of Joe Flom†, it is also about the demographic luck and the industry which is prospering. In order to become successful it takes numerous of factors and steps to precede such a valuable goal. We will write a custom essay sample on The Path To Success or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page People who are looking forward to achieve a goal of success in their careers have to focus first on their education, how successful a work industry is and most importantly, on what they are good at doing. As Malcolm Gladwell gives his readers some examples, he refers to a person named Joe Flom and describes the details of his career and how he had become successful in life. One of these examples explains how important true passion in life is, â€Å"I wanted to get into the law since I was six years old,† says Joe Flom, a person who has become a very successful and dedicated lawyer. Although, dreams do not come true by themselves and Joe Flom proved this fact with his hard work at the Harvard Law School by becoming one of the brightest students there, â€Å"The high academic potential is the result of student response to opportunity as well as individual student effort to cultivate and master successful learning strategies† (Harsh 21). It is important to find passion in life and have a high potential in getting well educated in that particular sphere. Using this example we can compare other personas like Steve Jobs, Bill Gates, Mark Zuckerberg; they were extremely passionate about what they were doing and the ways they approached things. It has led them to become brilliant. Did they know they would become successful in the future? Probably not, but they slowly progressed to their successful careers by making a series of smart, creative decisions throughout their lives and applying knowledge they were given at their educational institutions. Nowadays it is highly unlikely to become an intelligent person without education, â€Å"Most researches in achievement goal theory have contended that researches and educators should focus on quality of involvement and a continuing to learning as consequences of different motivation patterns† (Sideridis 431). The potential to study and work hard gives students the abilities to master their skills. Therefore, by dedicating themselves to quality time education and exploring the power of knowledge, people become better professionals for their future successful careers. This is what has shaped Joe Flom into one of the successful lawyers of Manhattan. Times change and interests of society change along with it. Different industries become more or less popular. As Gladwell describes the life of Joe Flom, he also focuses on the path that Joe has chosen, to become a lawyer. It was definitely a success because lawyers’ services had been used as frequently back then, as they are now. Different communities are in need for workers who can make it a better place, â€Å"The Detroit riots and the turmoil in that community for months following the riots resulted in a need for more lawyers to represent individuals charged with crimes† (Scott). In this case a city of Detroit was in need of lawyers, therefore people in this career path could easily become successful by being useful at the right place and at the right time. This shows that sometimes in order to chase success in something; a person needs to find a place where he/she is mostly being needed. That is when a person puts a lot of hours into work following more experience that brings the final result success. Not only law careers, but other industries are very successful nowadays, the most important step is to choose the right one that fits personal interests of an individual. Skills and knowledge gained over the time of learning and an experience show how interested a person is in his/her profession is. The more interested, the better he/she will get further along the way, â€Å"Both critical thinking (CT) and knowledge management (KM) skills are necessary elements for a university student’s success† (Yeh). Success approached at the university leads a person into a successful career path is a person continues with the same attitude by developing professional skills. Most importantly, the more excited a person is about what he does, the happier he/she becomes. It is also an important factor in life, feeling satisfaction in career and everyday life. Many things also depend on where a person is from and his childhood life, as it affects people’s futures. Malcolm Gladwell talks about all the circumstances that make one the most successful lawyers successful: education, the past, nationality all of this has makes huge impact on a person’s life. Growing up in poor families, people tend to be more passionate about being successful and making more money, helping out their families along the way. Changing their lives from poverty to the opposite directions has made them different from people who were born in rich families, who already have everything they wish for, and don’t have the same thinking perspective about their futures and their potential success. The base starts early in the childhood, â€Å"It has been shown that a high level of support from parents is associated with socially valued characteristics, . . . academic success, an internal locus of control, advanced moral development, the exhibition of considerate and altruistic behaviors, and general psychological adjustment† (Amato). Therefore, people also become successful depending on what kind of family background or childhood they had; the influence from parents and on the effort the person is making by growing up in real life. One of the other major factors of success is to determine what a person is good at doing. Some people love music, but they do not have a talent to proceed a music career, or simply do not put as many hours in it. Sometimes things just come to a person naturally, By becoming active at an early age, you can put yourself in a position to learn and succeed (Scott). Gladwell also explains that the earlier a child starts to show interest in something and the earlier he/she starts putting effort into a particular task, â€Å"This study aims to address these gaps in the extant research by investigating how early math skills predict later school success† (Claessens), soon this child will become very good at it. This is why it is radically important to find that passion early in life, just like Joe Flom did when he wanted to work in the law industry since he was six years old. People are the individuals that need to be satisfied by something and for some of them the biggest satisfaction in life is success, â€Å"Be Yourself we believe that people perform better when being themselves† (Collier 68). A knowledgeable human can become magnificently successful by applying his personal background, education, certain interests and abilities into something that can change or innovate anything that is able to become better. Our world is waiting for more people like that.

school life Essays - Self, Conformity, Socialization, Personality

it is a fact that school and family life are important for all people since both of them play a considerable role in shaping their personality .Howewer,if we determine which one of them is more important in one's personality,we can easily say "school" because of certain reasons. firstly,one probably begins to form one's personality nearly at the age of six and then develops one's personality until one becomes an adult.We can easily realize that during one's personality development,one probably spends more time in school.In addition to this,peer group is more important for most children than parents since they can easily talk with their friends about an issue which they do not want to talk with their parents such as sexual affairs.Thus,children allocate more time for their friends who are mostly from children's school. secondly,a child has oppurtunities to socialize at school because she or he can see a lot of children,so heshe probably interacts with some of them and necessarily she he is affected by these people in terms of behaviors,tendencies or habits.Children may tend to model themselves on a child who has high popularity at school.To illustrate,they copy the way the child behaves and adopt the child'S mimes and gestures.In addit?on to this,if this child is successful in their lessons,other children may tend to work more.On the other hand,if the child has harmful habits -such as smoking- other children may tend to experience such habits in order to be like the child. To sum up,school seems to play a more important role than the family in shaping one's personality.Hence,families give more importance to which school their children attend since it is a fact that if a school which composes of intelligent and successful students,these students definitely are positively affected by each other.

Eduction Example

Eduction Example Eduction – Article Example Article review In this article, the has suggested Cognitive Enrichment Advantage (CEA) as a very beneficial approach to mediated learning in the context of adult education. The author has identified three particular areas where CEA can be employed to facilitate adult learning including emancipatory education, basic education, and development and training of workforce. While the ways in which the CEA approach can benefit the three identified areas overlap, the author suggests that closely examining the relevant applications and overlapping concepts can benefit adults in all three domains. The author has rightly challenged the notion that pedagogical strategies suitable for children are always ineffective or useless for adult learners. Drawing upon the benefits of CEA, the author presents it as an example of pedagogical strategies that are equally suitable for child and adult learners.The paper offers a brief yet detailed insight into the concept of CEA and throws light on the potentia l ways in which it can enhance adult learning. The statements and arguments of the author are grounded in the review of latest and advanced literature. The author has supported facts and propositions with reliable literary sources. The author has elaborated all building blocks of thinking to provide a holistic understanding of how CEA improves thinking and learning. Use of CEA improves personalized learning. If teachers develop the ability to use and integrate CEA into the instructional strategy, this would not only improve their quality of lectureship, but also promote understanding among the learners of what senses they need to concentrate upon and improve in order to learn better.

How to State Thesis in a Research Paper on Criminal Behavior

How to State Thesis in a Research Paper on Criminal Behavior When you are writing a research paper on criminal behavior, your ability to state your thesis is an important facet. The thesis is the leading aspect of the paper, what paves the way for the reader and what explains in a single sentence what the purpose of your research paper on criminal behavior is all about. One of the best ways that you can prepare for this is to try and explain what it is you want to research in a single sentence. You want to tell your friends or your parents what your paper is going to focus on. If you cannot do it in just one sentence then perhaps you need to redefine your hypothesis. If you are a concrete issue then that should constitute the vast majority of your thesis but if you are covering only the effects of something that, in turn, should constitute the vast majority of your thesis and not the source. If you have to cover both you should still work very hard to make sure it only takes one sentence, even if that sentence is a bit long. Remember that word economical is very important here. Because you only have one sentence in which to present all of your information. The fewer words you use, the better off you will be. The final thing you should follow is to always remain flexible. If you are working and the thesis statement you have you find is not supported by the evidence you are researching you might have to change it. There is no shame in this, it happens to almost every student. One of the best things you can do for yourself is to have a flexible idea in mind, a flexible thesis and then at the end of your writing go back and make any necessary changes to the thesis that you might have. This type of flexibility will bode very well for your overall success rates. When you are writing a research paper on criminal behavior you need to understand that the purpose of this assignment is to show that you can conduct scientifically based research which includes reviewing the work that other writers have completed in the same field and doing some form of experiments and analysis on your own. You want to show that you can correctly analyze large amounts of data and from that draw new conclusions. You need to come up with an excellent topic for your research paper on criminal behavior. You want to avoid a topic that is already been done by many other writers. Of course theres bound to be some form of crossover in your research but it’s important to take a new angle. When writing a research paper on criminal behavior one key aspect is knowing that you must include a great deal of data. Data can come in many forms in this particular sense and it might include quotes from experts as well as empirical information or the legitimate numerical results of an empirical study. All of these things serve to support your arguments and make your final product much better for the reader. This concludes our useful guide. To back it up we’ve also prepared a set of useful facts on the subject as well as 20 topics for writing a research paper on criminal behavior.

Political Discourse Analyzing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Political Discourse Analyzing - Essay Example I have a dream speech by Martin Luther King is one of the speeches that have stayed popular for a long time in the whole world. Taking an excerpt from the speech, â€Å"I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at a table of brotherhood†. The connection is evident that sons in either case are son which is the bottom line. According to Goddard, (1998), and Hutcheon, (2000), stylistically the speech is a political treatise, or a work of poetry delivered masterfully like an improvised sermon. Former slave owners and former slaves are both able to bear sons and become like brothers. This connection is that former slave owners and former slaves are supposed to be like brothers. But Martin Luther King could see this in a dream that would come true (Morris, &, Hirst, 1991; Halliday, 1985). The bursting biblical language and imagery used especially in the first parts of the sp eech portrays a picture of seething American nightmare of racial segregation against the blacks. The former slave owners are the whites and the former slaves are the blacks. His use of the phrase, â€Å"now is the time†. For example, now is the time to open the doors of opportunity to all God’s children. ... A greater part of King’s approach was more visionary and eloquence to the non violent movement against black segregation in America. The second part of the speech deals with the dream in a fairer future of racial harmony and integration (Halliday, 1978; Todorova, 1999). The part of the speech that says; I say to you today, my friends, that inspire of the difficulties and frustrations of the moment I still have a dream. It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream. The repetition of this phrase continually emphasizes in driving home Martin Luther King’s inspirational concepts. Coherence Coherence serves as a quick way to analyze the overall form rather than the content of an argument in a speech. The coherence through parallel structure was highly applied by Martin Luther King in his speech. The reader or listener can easily predict what King is about to say. Looking at the speech, it presents a powerful rhetorical effect of using parallel structure to create refrai n. For example, I have a dream that one day the state of Alabama, whose governor's lips are presently dripping with the words of interposition and nullification, will be transformed into a situation where little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls and walk together as sisters and brothers. This sentence can easily be connected to the following: With this faith we will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we be free one day. The linguistic features are powerful determinants of similarities and differences between registers. I have a dream today stretches cohesion to the inter clause, inter sentence and inter paragraph